Acid-Base Titration Lab Report Sample

Acid-Base Titration Lab Report Paper Noah solution will be required to titrate 1. G of potassium hydrogen phthalate to the annihilate endpoint. 3) use brotherly blue or phenolphthalein. Week 2 1) Determine the military of the Noah prepared from precedent week. 2) Estimate how many mils of Noah solution will be required to reach the brotherly blue endpoint. 3) Identify the antacid preparation that will be used. Procedures 1) Preparation and standardization of Noah l. Prepare Noah solution by using stock MM Noah_ prepare 6-mm of a 0. 5 M Noah. 2. Weigh a sample of potassium hydrogen (KIP) between 1. 1 to 13 gram. Dissolve the KIP by adding SO m I of water _ Swirl to complete solution. 4. Titrate be as accurate as possible, repeat titration several times. Preparation and standardization of HCI. 1. Prepare hydrochloric acid stock solution. 2. Measure out a sample Of HCI. Use a 10 ml volumetric pipette to transfer solution to flask and add indicator. 3. Perform titration. 3) Antacid Titration 1. Measure out the amount of sample decided 2) 2. Add an excess Of acid. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid-Base Titration Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Acid-Base Titration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Acid-Base Titration Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Example Sentences of the Verb Fly for ESL Learners

Example Sentences of the Verb Fly for ESL Learners Time flies when youre having fun, but memorizing irregular verb forms isnt always fun. This page provides example sentences of the verb fly in all tenses including active and passive forms, as well as conditional and modal forms. Once youve flown through the examples, test your knowledge with the quiz at the end. Examples of "Fly" for All Tenses Base Form fly / Past Simple flew / Past Participle flown / Gerund flying Present Simple I usually fly by Aeroflot. Present Simple Passive Aeroflot is flown by thousands of customers. Present Continuous We are flying to San Diego next week. Present Continuous Passive A 747 is being flown to New York. Present Perfect She has flown many times in her life. Present Perfect Passive A 777 has recently been flown to Chicago. Present Perfect Continuous We have been flying for more than five hours. Past Simple George flew to Miami last week. Past Simple Passive A small airplane was flown to the village. Past Continuous He was flying to Chicago when he telephoned his boss. Past Continuous Passive A small airplane was being flown to the village when I checked. Past Perfect They had just flown to London when they decided to return home immediately. Past Perfect Passive The new jet had been flown many times by the test pilot before it was approved. Past Perfect Continuous They had been flying for four hours when they landed. Future (will) Jack will fly to the meeting. Future (will) passive A small jet will be flown to the meeting. Future (going to) He is going to fly to Houston next week. Future (going to) passive A 777 is going to be flown to Chicago. Future Continuous This time next week we will be flying to Mexico. Future Perfect They will have flown to Toronto by the end of the day. Future Possibility She might fly to Rome. Real Conditional If she flies to Rome, she will stay at the Cosmo. Unreal Conditional If she flew to Rome, she would stay at the Cosmo. Past Unreal Conditional If she had flown to Rome, she would have stayed at the Cosmo. Present Modal Mark should fly to the meeting. Past Modal He must have flown to the meeting. Quiz: Conjugate with Fly Use the verb to fly to conjugate the following sentences. Quiz answers are below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. A small airplane _____ to the village last week.We _____ to San Diego next week.We _____ for more than five hours.The new jet _____ many times by the test pilot before it was approved.A small jet _____ to the meeting.They _____ to Toronto by the end of the day.If she _____ to Rome, she will stay at the Cosmo.Jack _____ to the meeting.He _____ to Chicago when he telephoned his boss.George _____ to Miami last week. Quiz Answers fleware going to flyhave been flyingwill have been flownwill flywill have flownfliesis going to flywas flyingflew

The Ideas of the Preamble Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ideas of the Preamble - Essay Example The framers had a problem with the assignment of all the powers to one person or branch. They never wanted the happenings of Great Britain to befall them. They needed all the people under the United States to be united into one big nation, hence promoting overall loyalty (Bomboy 135). Establishing Justice Justice to Bomboy (136) entails treating all people equally and with the respect that they deserve. Each individual’s human rights should be clearly spelt out and respected accordingly. In the articles this issue was not well spelt out and many individuals found themselves being treated with bias as compared to others. In a just society, it does not matter where you come from, what you do or your race as all individuals should be treated with equal measure. The article seemed to allow racial segregation in some way, a practice that is full of injustice. The United States’ comprise of people drawn from many races, thus, without clearly condemning racism, the society wou ld be full of injustice (Bomboy 137). This was the reason why the framers saw the need to stress the importance of justice in a society. Insuring Domestic Tranquility Tranquil means calm while domestic refers to home. By stating that the US people need domestic tranquility, it meant that they desired calmness from within the nation (Bomboy 138). Before passing the constitution, the United States had no domestic tranquility. In particular, during the Shay’s Rebellion the congress was driven out of Philadelphia city by the army of its own. This could have been the result of people’s dissatisfaction on how the state was being ruled. The activities taking place during the time depended purely on the congress’ decision. The decisions of the congress were absolute and the people were not given a chance to contribute to the issues of governance. Bomboy (138) asserts this was the reason why the framers started the preamble by saying that, â€Å"We the people†¦Ã¢â‚ ¬  meaning they desired their government to be ruled by the people. Provide For the Common Defense This ideal sought to put emphasis on having united defense rather than divided one. The framers saw it good to have a single defense protecting all the United States instead of each single state setting up its own defense (Bomboy 140). They thought that having a common defense would promote the overall unity among the United States as compared to leaving each state with the responsibility of protecting its own territory. The articles which the US used to govern its people before the adoption of the constitution did not emphasize the importance of having a common defense. They left each state with this responsibility exposing the states to numerous conflicts as they struggled to protect their territories (Bomboy 140). Having a common defense will hold all the United States answerable to one government, consequently reducing conflicts since all territorial issues will be handled by a si ngle party. Promote the general welfare Bomboy (143) defines welfare as the general well being of the people especially in aspects like: happiness, prosperity and fortune. It entails people having social, health, economic and psychological good. The general good as stated in the constitution preamble, refers to the promotion of people’s general well being by the government. This can be done through the provision of good infrastructural facilities, quality education, making healthcare

Baseball Management Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Baseball Management Project - Essay Example Based on the result, recommendations are drawn that will help the committee to make baseball better while meeting the aspirations of the involved stakeholders. It has been argued that the money one earns has a bearing to both the players of baseball as well as business owners. The Analysis of Variance (Appendix A) clearly depicts that when the attendance is equal to greater than three million, players enjoy higher salaries when compared to a situation where the fans are less than two million. However, it is worth noting that there was no significant differences in salaries when the attendance was from two million to three million and three million and above. For the 2002 season, a player would be likely to enjoy higher pay when there are over two million fans. As players enjoy higher salaries, business owners will realize increased profits. This attributed to the fact that when there are more fans, business thrive for instance more tickets are sold, there is increase in merchandise being sold as well as food stuff. In any game usually characterized with competition, there are two main aspects; winning and losing. Ideally, winning competition is very significant in survival of any business entity. In this case, a baseball team that wins will eventually meet the aspirations of players, coaches, support staff to mention but a few. ANOVA results in appendix B indicates that teams are more likely to win if there is a big number of fans attending. This can be attributed to the moral support they receive from their fans. The findings depicts that at 0.05 level of significance, higher fans attendance of three million and above largely influences team wins. For this reason, it would be rational for business owners to encourage more fans to attend in order for them to enjoy the related profits which will be associated with wins. In baseball, it is always important to ensure that there are

The Presumption of Liberty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

The Presumption of Liberty - Assignment Example This statute ensures that parties to the contract fulfill their promises to each other as stipulated in the agreement with defaulting. Therefore, statutes of fraud do not in itself make the contract valid but serve as an evidence of the agreement between the parties hence can make the contract enforceable (Miller, Harvey & Parry 1998, p.487). It also serves to prevent one of the parties from claiming beyond what the agreement offer to them. Should one of the parties to the agreement default in the performance of his or her duties, the statues of frauds will apply to ensure that that person has discharged his or her obligation (James 2003, p.20). This is contrary to a verbal agreement whereby, due to lack of evidence one party may fail to perform the duties of the agreement and yet there are no means to prove that the party has indeed breached the agreement (Barnett 2005, p.146). Whereas most contracts can be enforced without the requirement of a statute of fraud, there are specific a greements, which must be included in a statute in order to be enforceable. This report shall explore various contracts which fall within statutes of frauds and cases that have been dealt with in the court involving the statute. In addition, the report shall focus on the impact of the statues of frauds and what would happen if parties failed to write down the terms of their contracts in cases which â€Å"fall within the statute.† The law requires that when individuals are making a contract they should put down all the terms of their agreement in writing in order to that no party who takes advantage of the other by failing to perform either some part of the contract or the by totally doing nothing in fulfilment of their contractual obligations (Barnett 2005, p.165).  

The Difference In Physical And Chemical Properties

The Difference In Physical And Chemical Properties Everything type matter is branded in the physical world with properties that define what it is and how it behaves when in the presence of other substances. These properties give the substance, whatever it may be, its own distinctive features that can be used to identify it. These properties can be determined by measuring and observing the material under different conditions. But any substance will have not just one set of properties, but two sets of different properties. These two sets will be physical properties and chemical properties. A physical property is a feature of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. Many of these properties are properties that we can see with our eyes or feel with our hands, such as texture, shape, color, size, or smoothness. Even things such as conductivity, malleability, and ductility are physical properties. There are also two different kinds of physical properties. Intensive physical properties are features that will be the same no matter how much of the substance is present. On the other hand, extensive physical properties are properties that do depend on the amount of the substance present, such as mass, volume, length, and height. These are all physical properties because they can all be observed without making the substance into a different substance. As soon as the substance is turned into a different substance, it is considered a chemical property. Chemical properties describe the ability of a substance to change its identity. Anything that can be done to a substance that will change its identity is considered a chemical property, such as its flammability (in case of a fire) or its reactivity (how it reacts to other chemicals). If a substance changed into a different substance through a chemical reaction, then it has a chemical property related to that change. The change it went through is a chemical change. Chemical changes can also be called chemical reactions. In a chemical change, the identity of a substance will be changed, and it will have different properties. These changes can be shown in a chemical equation, like this: HCl + NaOH Æ’Â   NaCl + H2O This equation shows than when HCl, a strong acid, reacts with NaOH, a strong base, the chemical reaction results in sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O). Physical changes can also occur. The difference is that instead of the substance changing its identity, it changes form. After a physical change, the properties of the substance will remain the same. There are three main types of physical changes. The first is mechanical physical change, such as tearing, crushing, or breaking a substance. Second, a solution could be made, like when salt is dissolved in water. No new substances are formed even though the salt is dissolved. The salt could still be filtered out. Thirdly, changes in the state of matter are also a physical change. Water that changes from a solid to a liquid to a gas is all physical changes. The equation to show this looks like this: H2O(s) Æ’Â   H2O(l) Æ’Â   H2O(g) The letters in the subscript convey what state of matter the H2O is in. The s stands for solid, the l for liquid, and the g for gas. The reason it is a physical change is because the chemical make-up of the substance is still the same throughout. If the chemical make-up of the substance changes, then it is a chemical change. Problem: To carry out several chemical physical changes to judge whether they are chemical or physical. Hypothesis: It is expected that the chemical changes will cause much more noticeable observations Materials: -Match Eyedropper -Candle (held stationary by clay) -10 drops of 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver nitrate) -Wooden splint -One piece (about 3cm) of Magnesium (Mg) -2 Watch Glasses -10 drops of 6 M HCl (concentrated hydrochloric acid) -Small spatula of NaCl -Tongs -10 mL of water (divided up into 2, 5mL divisions) -Bunsen Burner -2 Test tubes -Mortar and Pestle -Test tube cork -CuSO45H2O (Copper II sulfate pentahydrate) -A few filings of Fe (iron) Diagrams: *On attached pages* Procedure: Light a match and use it to light a candle held stationary by a piece of clay. Observe the flame, the wick, and the wax for several minutes. Record observations. Obtain a wooden splint and break it in half. Place the end of one half of the wooden splint into the candle flame. Extinguish the flames of both the candle and the splint. Place the splint into a watch glass and observe. Record observations. Dispose of the wood in the designated waste container. Place a small spatula of NaCl (sodium chloride) into a small test tube. Add 5 mL of water. Cover the test tube with a test tube cork and shake the contents of the tube. Record observations. Save the product for Step 4. Use an eyedropper to add 10 drops of a 0.1 M AgNO3 (silver nitrate: do not get this on you!) solution to the salt-water solution which was made in Step 3. Cover the tube with a cork and fully invert several times to mix properly. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container. Obtain one piece of Mg (magnesium) ribbon about 3 cm long. Tear it into 2 pieces. Place one piece into a test tube. Use a pipet to add 10 drops of 6 M HCl (concentrated hydrochloric acid). Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container. Handle the other piece of Mg with tongs. Place the Mg into the hottest part of the burner flame at the front lab table for a few minutes until a noticeable change occurs. Caution: Do not look directly into the light! Place the product on a watch glass. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container. Use a mortar and pestle to grind several crystals of CuSO45H2O (copper II sulfate pentahydrate) into a uniform powder. Record observations. Place a small spatula of the CuSO45H2O powder into a test tube. Add 5 mL of water, cap it with a cork, and invert fully several times to mix. Record observations. Save the product for Step 8. To the test tube containing the water and CuSO45H2O, add a few Fe (iron) filings. Cap it with a cork and invert fully several times to fully mix. Look very closely into the test tube. A keen observer gets the proper results. Record observations. Dispose in the designated waste container. Data: Step Physical Properties of Starting Materials Observations of The Change 1 Candle looks waxy, with few drops dried on the side. It is a pale white color. It appears to be slightly burnt. The bottom clay is a bright yellow and has a smooth texture. Wax on the top melts and forms a liquid. Tip of wick is a bright red color. More drips start to appear on the side of the candle. As the wax drips down, it changes from clear to pale white, while also hardening. 2 Wood is smooth, light brown in color, and very brittle. It is small and rectangular. The watch glass is clear, with cloudy material on bottom of glass. The wood starts to wilt and shrivels, while turning black, with a red tip. Little bits of ash appear. Smoke rises from the flame, and it smells faintly of ham. 3 Sodium chloride looks clear, crystalline, and very granular. Some of the NaCl sticks to the side of the container. NaCl dissolves into the water to make a solution. Clear liquid in test tube. 4 AgNO3 looks cloudy on the surface of the water. It is an opaque white color and sticks together. Seems to form a heterogeneous mixture, with white specks of AgNO3 floating in the water. The water solution became chunky and cloudy. 5 Silver in color, malleable, small, thin, rectangular in shape. It is smooth on the surfaces and kind of sharp on the corners. It is 3cm in length. Test tube gets hot; piece of magnesium starts to disintegrate. At the end, ash is left at the bottom and what looks like smoke rises from the top. Liquid looks slight yellow. 6 Piece of magnesium looks the same as above. Magnesium starts to burn and then quickly turns into a bright white light as the flame gets really intense. There is a slight change in heat because the amount of flame increased. 7 Crystals look deep blue. There is no odor present. They look smooth, but clear-cut. They hold their shape. The water turns blue and the powder is dissolved. The liquid does look see-through. 8 (see part 2 of step 7) The liquid turns into a dirty brown color. The Fe seems to sink to the bottom of the test tube. It doesnt look like Fe anymore, though. It looks like copper because of its color. Questions: Intensive properties are properties that will not change based on the amount of a substance you have. Some examples from the lab are the waxiness of the candle, the color of the magnesium, or the malleability of the magnesium. An extensive property will change based on the amount of a substance you have. Examples of these properties (from the lab) are the size of the wooden splint, the length of the magnesium strip, or the height of the candle. a. Lighting a match: Chemical. The physical make-up of the wood and its head is changed. b. Melting wax: Physical. The wax is still wax, its just in a different form. c. Burning a wick: Chemical. The wick slowly burns down and changes its make-up. d. Freezing wax: Physical. It is still wax. e. Breaking wood splint: Physical. It is still wood. f. Burning wood: Chemical. It is a different material after you burn it. g. Dissolving sodium chloride: Physical. It is still salt. You could filter the salt back out of the solution. h. Reacting NaCl and AgNO3: Chemical Change. The two compounds change their molecular make-up. i. Breaking and sanding Mg: Physical. It is still magnesium; its just in a different form. j. Burning magnesium: Chemical. The magnesium is no longer magnesium and goes through a chemical reaction. k. Adding acid to Mg: Chemical. In the reaction, the Mg is changed. l. Crushing copper II sulfate: Physical. It is still copper II sulfate; its just been changed to a different form. m. Dissolving copper II sulfate: Physical. It is still the same material. n. Adding Fe to copper II sulfate: Chemical. The Fe changed because it bonded with So4. The change involving a candle is both chemical and physical because the candle wax is melting, which is a physical change to the candle, but the candle wick is also burning, which is a chemical change. The candle wax is remaining as wax; its just changing from a solid to a liquid. When it cools down, it forms a solid again. The wick, however, never returns to its previous state after being burned. It is no longer a candle wick. Two changes in the experiment that were exothermic were the wooden splint burning and the magnesium reacting with the hydrochloric acid. Wooden splint had a flame on it (when it was burning) that gave off a lot of heat. The magnesium caused the test tube to become extremely hot. A change in the experiment that was endothermic was when we melted the candle wax. The wax had to take in a lot of energy from the flame in order to do a physical change into a liquid. In chemical changes, the formulas of reactants compare to the formulas of the product because they are different. The substances are changed in a chemical change, so their molecular make-up will also change. For example, in Step 8, we had the reactants CuSO4 and Fe. But the products werent the same. CuSO4 Æ’Â   Cu +FeSO4 The iron bonded with the SO4, leaving copper behind. In a physical change, the formulas will be the same on each side. The only thing that might change is its state of matter. H2O(s) Æ’Â   H2O(l) The chemical make-up is still the same, but it did change from a liquid to a gas. The formulas on each side have to stay the same though. Data Analysis: Based on the observations collected, 3 of the 8 steps performed were physical changes. Step 1, the burning of the candle, was surprisingly a physical change. What made this clear is that it could be observed that the wax is only melting, not changing to a different substance. Due to background information, it can be concluded that this is a physical change. Step 3 involves dissolving NaCl in water, which is also classified as a physical change. Step 7 is just like step 3 in that a substance was dissolved in water, so this is also a physical change. Several chemical changes also occurred. Step 2, the burning of the wooden splint, marked a chemical change because the step started out with a piece of wood observed as smooth, light brown in color, and very brittle. After the change, it wilted and shriveled to a black substance with all new properties. Since it has transformed into a new substance, it can be concluded that this is a chemical change. The AgNO3 in step 4 reacts with the NaCl and the H2O to form a new substance in the liquid, which creates small, floating particles. Since a new substance was formed inside the liquid, this is also a chemical change. The magnesium reacting with the acid as well as being burned in the Bunsen burner was both chemical changes because neither of the changes warranted any magnesium afterwards, so it is known that a chemical change occurred. Lastly, the CuSO4-2 reacted with the Fe+2 to create different substances, namely Cu and FeSO4. It can therefore be concluded that this was also a chemical change. Error: A few things may have caused errors in this experiment, but because the results were not dependent on extremely precise amounts of any substance, getting the appropriate results was fairly easy. However, if the wrong substance had accidentally been placed in a test tube instead of another substance, the results will be completely different than what they are supposed to be. This could also result in a dangerous situation depending on what substance had been replaced. Another thing that may have hindered the results of the burning of the magnesium is if the flame wasnt hot enough to burn the magnesium or the piece of magnesium was somehow flawed, where it wouldnt burn. Another thing that would obstruct the correct results is if any test tube broke while it was in use, for it couldnt be used to observe the changes occurring anymore. If the candle (from step 1) had so much wax that the wick wasnt exposed enough to light, then it would have made it difficult to perform the first couple s teps of the experiment. Error can come from many different sources, but human error is the most frequent type of error. Conclusion: It was attempted to perform a variety of experiments to carry out chemical and physical changes. Then, it was judged what kind of change it was. Success was reached in doing this. Chemical changes were observed, such as the wooden splint burning, the magnesium bubbling, and the SO4-2 bonding to the Fe+2. Physical changes were also observed, such as the candle wax melting, the NaCl dissolving in the water, and ripping the magnesium strip in half. A lot was definitely learned about the difference between chemical and physical changes, and how to distinguish between the two.

Crime Data Comparison Paper Essay

The two metropolitan areas I have decided to do my research paper on are Cincinnati, Ohio and Dallas, Texas. I choose Cincinnati because it is one of the bigger cities where I live. I choose Dallas because there seems to be a big difference in crime rates compared to Cincinnati. In this paper I will be comparing the burglary rate between these two cities. I will identify the number of burglaries reported to the police in each area and also explain which area had more reported burglaries as well as what were the rates of the crimes in each area. I will also explain whether the rates have changed at all and look into what factors that might be involved that might explain the difference in the burglary rates. Looking at the research, Cincinnati, Ohio had a rate of 6,287 burglaries that were reported to police in 2009 (Crime in the United States, 2009). Dallas, Texas on the other hand had 19,428 burglaries in that same year. The rate of crime given for Cincinnati in 2009 was 375.1 occurrences per 10,000 persons (Crime in the United States, 2009). Dallas by comparison had a crime rate of 1505.7 occurrences per 100,000 people. According to the crime statistics, crime in Dallas, Texas is down 6.4 percent from 2008 and Cincinnati has one of the highest crime rates in the country compared to all communities of all sizes. Ones chance of becoming a victim of property crime is one in twelve. (NeighborhoodScout, 2012). There are many factors that could explain the differences in the crime rates between these two cities. One factor could be the difference in population. The population in Cincinnati is 296,943 within the city limits according to the 2010 census. (Crime in the United States, 2009) whereas in Dallas, Texas the population is 1,197,816 according to 2010 censes. When you look at the numbers the more people living in an area the higher the crime rate will be. There are also other factors that could explain the big differences between these cities. The ethnic and racial makeup of the people living there and their educational levels could be a big difference. To really explain the increase or decline in both these cities is difficult because the two areas that I choose are so very different in population is really the biggest difference. In conclusion, in comparing both these big cities Cincinnati is showing an increase in the number of burglaries and almost every other crime as for Dallas, the crime rate there is down 6.4 percent. With the population in Dallas being 1,197,816 and Cincinnati’s population being 296,943 people would think that Dallas would be a city full of crime but Cincinnati is far worse. According to NeighborhoodScout . com, on a scale of 100 to 1(100 is the safest) Cincinnati rates just a two. This scale shows that Cincinnati is just safer then two percent of the cities in the United States of America. There are many factors that could explain why Cincinnati has one of the fasting growing crime rates in the nation. One could be the economy where there is nine percent unemployment in the city alone. Another factor could be the racial and ethnic makeup of the city. Looking at the Dallas, Texas crime rates, it rates a six in the crime index (NeighborhoodScout.com). This means that Dallas, Texas is safer than six percent of the cities in the United States. In Dallas there were 8,341 violent crimes and 63,022 property crimes compared to Cincinnati’s 3,087 violent crimes and 20,911 property crimes. Looking at how big Dallas is compared to Cincinnati you would think that there would be more crimes per 1,000 residents but it is not even close. In Cincinnati there are 10.42 crimes per 1,000 residents compared to Dallas’s 6.82 annual crimes per 1,000 residents. When you compare Cincinnati with Dallas, the crime index, population, and the crime rates going up or down, Dallas to me would be the safer of the two cities to live in. References Crime in the United States of America. (2009). February, 2012 http://www.2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/data/table_06.html Neighborhood Scout. (2012) http:/www.neighborhoodscout.com/Cincinnati/crime http:/www.neighborhoodscout.com/Dallas/crime